Adam to Judges

BCE	Events (This is a biblical chronology. The dates provided are all approximate using the Bible as the guide).
4000-3300	In the archaeology of the Levant and Mesopotamia, limited archaeological evidence is the basis of the Chalcolithic Period, 4300-3300 BCE.
3984	Creation of Adam and Eve 1,656 years before the Great Flood of Noah (2328 BCE + 1,656 years = 3983 BCE). The time from creation of Adam to Noah’s birth plus Noah’s age at the time of the Noachian Flood, was 1,656 years.
3854	Seth born when Adam was 130 (Genesis 2:7, 5:3 NASB).
3761	Anno Mundi reckoning began on Tishri 1, 1 AM (October 7, 3761 BCE).
3749	Enosh born when Seth was 105 years (Genesis 5:6 NASB).
3659	Kenan or Cainan born when Seth was 90 years (Genesis 5:9 NASB).
3589	Mahalaiel born when Kenan was 70 years (Genesis 5:12 NASB).
3524	Jared born when Mahalaiel was 65 years (Genesis 5:15 NASB).
3400-2335	Sumerian civilization from 3400-2328 BCE (pre-Flood, antediluvian).
3362	Enoch born when Jared was 162 years (Genesis 5:18 NASB).
3300	The Bronze Age in the ancient Near East began with the rise of Sumer in the 4^th millennium BCE. Archaeologists place ancient civilizations in the Bronze Age if they smelted their own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere.
3297	Methuselah born when Enoch was 65 years (Genesis 5:21 NASB).
ca. 3250	Tubal Cain, a contemporary of Methuselah, “the forger of all implements of bronze and iron” (Genesis 4:22 NASB). Although this may mean he was a metalsmith, a comparison with verses 20 and 21 suggests that he may have been the very first artificer in copper and iron.
3110	Lamech born when Methuselah was 187 years (Genesis 5:25 NASB).
2928	Noah born when Lamech was 182 years (Genesis 5:28-29 NASB).
2426	Shem’s birth for he was 100 two years after the start of the Great Flood of Noah (Genesis 11:10-11 NASB).
2328	The Noachian Flood (or Deluge or Great Flood) began when Noah was age 600 (Genesis 7:6 NASB). Methuselah died in the flood aged 969 (Genesis 5:27 NASB). Sumerian civilization destroyed. There are 352 years from the flood to Abraham (2328 – 427 = 1901). The time includes two years from the end of the flood plus Arphaxad’s birth to Terah’s death when Abram was aged 75.
2327	The Noachian Flood Noah ends. The flood began Iyyar 17, 1433 AM or May 26, 2328 BCE (Genesis 7:11 NASB) and ended the following year on Iyyar 27, 1434 AM or May 26, 2327 BCE (Genesis 8:14 NASB). After the flood, Bronze Age civilizations began to develop in a significant way as the growing populations of Mesopotamia and Egypt organized themselves under complex systems of government. The idea of a central command and authority allowed them to engage in large-scale public works efforts and advanced their cultures dramatically. These civilizations developed literary systems and created irrigation infrastructure in the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates river valleys. Pyramids were built.
2326	Arphaxad born 2 years after the start of the Great Flood when Shem was age 100 (Genesis 11:10-11 NASB).
2291	Shelah born when Arphaxad was 35 (Genesis 11:12 NASB).
2261	Eber born when Shelah was 30 (Genesis 11:14 NASB).
2227	Peleg born when Eber was 34 (Genesis 11:16 NASB).
2197	Reu born when Peleg was 30 (Genesis 11:18 NASB).
2193	In the days of Peleg (2227-2018 BCE; roughly 100-300 years after the Great Flood (Genesis 10:25; Genesis 11:19; 1 Chronicles 1:19 NASB). God confused the languages at Babel and its fractured population began to disperse through migration into various parts of the earth. The descendants of Arphaxad (one of the five sons of Shem) settled in southern Mesopotamia. The people in the genealogy of Genesis 10 commenced building tribal groups and nations.
2165	Serug born when Reu was 32 (Genesis 11:20 NASB).
2135	Nahor born when Serug was 30 (Genesis 11:22 NASB).
2106	Terah born when Serug was 29 (Genesis 11:24 NASB). Terah died in 1901 BCE at Haran aged 205 (Genesis 11:32 NASB).
1976	Abram (Abraham) born when Terah was 130 (Genesis 11:32 NASB). Abram’s birth was at Ur (ûr), an ancient city of Sumer, in southern Mesopotamia near the Euphrates River (Genesis 11:26-28 NASB; cf. Acts 7:2-8 NASB). Ur, also referred to later as Ur of the Chaldees or Chaldeans, was an important center of Akkadian culture. Abram later married his half-sister Sarai.
1967	Sarai, born in 1967 BCE, who was 11 years younger than Abram (Genesis 20:12 NASB). Terah was the father of both by different mothers.
1901	Terah died in 1901 BCE. Covenant made with Abram in Haran (Genesis 12:1-3 NASB). With Sarai, Abram aged 75 then left Haran for Canaan (Genesis 12:1-5 NASB; cf. Acts 7:4-6 NASB). Abram built an altar at Shechem (Genesis 12:6-7 NASB).
1900	Abram and Sarai arrived in the land of Canaan (Genesis 16:3,16 NASB).
ca. 1899-1890	Abram and Sarai go to Egypt to escape famine and briefly visit Tanis (Avaris or Zoan). There he had an encounter with Pharaoh Senwosret II, Khakeperre Senusret II, the fourth pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty. Following his ejection from Lower Egypt, Abram settled in the Negev moving his flocks from there as far as Bethel and Ai. Later his nephew Lot settled at Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot was the patriarch of Ammon and Moab (Genesis 19:36-38 NASB). Lot taken captive. Abram and his men freed Lot and captured the looted property. Abraham then gives a tenth of it to Melchizedek, king of Salem, described as a priest of God most high (Genesis 14:18-20 NASB). “Salem” is a shortened form of Jerusalem.
1890	Prophecy that Abram’s descendants “will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, where they will be enslaved and oppressed four hundred years” (Genesis 15:13 NASB). “As for you, you shall go to your fathers in peace; you will be buried at a good old age. Then in the fourth generation they will return here, for the iniquity of the Amorite is not yet complete.” (Genesis 15:15-16 NASB). In Canaan, the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt as far as the great river, the river Euphrates” (Genesis 15:18 NASB).
1890	Ishmael, by Haggar Sarai’s maid, born when Abram aged 86 had lived ten years in the land of Canaan (Genesis 16:3, 16 NASB).
1877	Covenant of the Circumcision made. Abram, now Abraham, aged 99 (Genesis 17:1, 24 NASB). Ishmael aged 13 (Genesis 17:24 NASB). Sarai, now Sarah, aged 90 (Genesis 17:17 NASB).
1876	Isaac born when Abraham was aged 100 (Genesis 17:17, 21:4 NASB). From Isaac’s birth to Jacob’s entry into Egypt was 190 years. Isaac was 60 years of age when Jacob was born, and Jacob was aged 130 when he went down into Egypt (60 + 130 = 190 years). The 430-year sojourn began in 1876 with 190 years spent in Canaan (1876-1686 BCE) followed by 240 years (1686-1446 BCE) in Egypt and exiting in 1446 BCE (Exodus 12:40 NASB). The 430 years cited by the Apostle Paul begins (Galatians 3:17 NASB) with the ratification (or confirmation of the covenant) which was the birth of Isaac (fulfillment of the promise) not the creation of the Covenant of the Circumcision in 1877 BCE.
1875	Sodom destroyed (Genesis 19:24-25 NASB).
1875?	Encounter with Abimelech king of Gerar (Genesis 20:2-15 NASB).
1846	The year in which Abraham was to sacrifice his son Isaac (Genesis 22:1-24 NASB), then aged 30, and the 1st year of the 400 years as “enslaved and oppressed” strangers in a land that is not theirs (Genesis 15:13 NASB, Acts 7:6 NASB). Counting inclusively, the 400th year was 1446 BCE (the year of the Israelite Exodus from Egypt).
1840	Sarah died aged 127 (Genesis 23:1 NASB). Abraham purchased the Field of Machpelah to bury Sarah (Genesis 23:8-20 NASB). The parcel, which included a cave that became a family tomb, was part of a Hittite settlement (the sons of Heth) at Machpelah facing Hebron.
1836	Isaac was 40 years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean of Paddanaram, the sister of Laban the Aramean, to be his wife (Genesis 25:20 NASB).
1826	Shem died aged 600 (Genesis 11:10-11 NASB).
1816	Jacob and Esau born when Isaac was aged 60 (Genesis 25:25-26 NASB).
1801	Abraham dies at age 175 and buried in the Cave of Machpelah by Ishmael and Isaac (Genesis 25:7-11 NASB).
ca. 1752	Jacob went to Paden Aram (Mesopotamia) while Ishmael was a live (Genesis 28:7-9 NASB).
1753	Ishmael lived to be 137 years old (Genesis 25:17 NASB).
1725	Joseph born (Jacob then aged 91).
ca. 1720	The Hyksos, Mesopotamians of Semitic origin, infiltrated and occupied Lower Egypt (northern Egypt) thereby initiating the Second Intermediate Period (the 15th, 16th, and 17th Dynasties). They erected their capital at Avaris (Tell El-Dab’a).
1708	Joseph aged 17 sold into Egypt (Genesis 37:2 NASB).
1696	Isaac dies aged 180 buried by Esau and Jacob (Genesis 35:28-29 NASB).
1696	Jacob with his wives Leah and Rachel along with his two secondary wives (or concubines if you prefer), all their children, and other companions left Bethel traveling on toward Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). But Rachel’s pains of childbirth began while they were still some distance away (Genesis 35:16 NASB). Rachel gave birth to Benjamin and died in childbirth (Genesis 35:16-18 NASB). Jacob buried her beyond the Tower of Eder, near Bethlehem, on the road to Jerusalem.
1695	Joseph aged 30 enters the service of Pharaoh (Genesis 41:46 NASB).
1695-1688	Seven years of plenty in Egypt (Genesis 41:46 NASB).
1687-1686	Two years of famine before Jacob enters Egypt (Genesis 45:6 NASB).
1876-1686	Sojourn in Canaan for 190 years.
1687-1680	Seven years of famine in Egypt (Genesis 41:54 NASB).
1686	Jacob, aged 130, and his family arrived in Egypt after 2 years of famine and 190 years after the birth of Isaac. Joseph was 30 when he entered the service of Pharaoh. At the end of 7 years of plenty plus 2 years of famine Jacob came before Pharaoh at the age 130 when Joseph was 39. This places Joseph’s birth in 1725 BCE (1686 BCE + 39 years = 1725 BCE).
1669	Jacob lived in Egypt for 17 years and dies there aged 147 (Genesis 47:28 NASB).
1615	Joseph died aged 110 (Genesis 50:22, 26 NASB).
ca. 1560	The Hyksos occupation of Egypt, the Second Intermediate Period (Dynasties 15, 16, and 17), ended soon after 1560 BCE when native Egyptian princes defeated them (the 17th Dynasty) and expelled them from Egypt and inaugurated the New Kingdom period of Egyptian history by establishing the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.
1446	Israelite sojourn in Egypt (1686-1446) for 240 years ended with the Exodus.
1446	The Egyptian Passover was Wed., March 25, 1446 (Nisan 14, 2315 AM)
1446	The Israelite tribes crossed the Red Sea on Wed., Nisan 21, 2315 AM (April 1, 1446 BCE).
1446	The Law given at Mt. Saini on Pentecost (Sun., Sivan 8, 2315 AM; May 17, 1446 BCE). In reference thereto, the Apostle Paul said “the Law, which came 430 years later, does not invalidate a covenant [the Covenant of the Circumcision] previously ratified by God” (bracketed insertion by editors); (Galatians 3:17 NASB).
1406	Death of Moses.
1406	Tribes of Israel crossed the River Jordan entering Canaan, camped at Gilgal, and erected the Altar of Memorial Stones (Joshua 3:5; Joshua 4:1-5; Joshua 4:19-20 NASB) on Mon., Nisan 10, 2355 AM (March 29, 1406). This was also Passover Lamb Selection Day (Exodus 12:3, 6 NASB). The Last day God provided manna was Passover, Fri., Nisan 14, 2355 AM (April 2, 1406 BCE) while they camped at Gilgal (Joshua 5:10-12 NASB).
1406	The old cycle count for Sabbatical and Jubilee years began with the fall month of Tishri 1406/1405 (2356 AM) with Tishri 1 set 1406/1405 as the first year of the old sabbatical cycle and Tishri 10 as the first year of the old Jubilee cycle.
1407-1400	The book of Joshua tells of seven years of conquest (1407-1400 BCE).
1400-1393	Seven years of settlement of the new Land of Israel (Eretz Yis-rael).
1378	Death of Joshua. Joshua had led the Israelite people for 28 years following the death of Moses. “The people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who survived Joshua, who had seen all the great work of the LORD which He had done for Israel” (Judges 2:7 NASB).
1378-1334	Once Joshua and “All that generation. . .were gathered to their fathers. . . there arose another generation . . . who did not know the LORD, nor yet the work which He had done for Israel. Then the sons of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD and served the Baals, and they forsook the LORD, the God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods from among the gods of the peoples who were around them, and bowed themselves down to them; thus they provoked the LORD to anger. So they forsook the LORD and served Baal and the Ashtaroth” (Judges 2:10-14 NASB).

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